Abuse can happen in many ways, and it’s not always easy to spot. This guide explains the different types of abuse, what they mean, and the signs to look out for. Knowing these can help you protect yourself or someone you care about.
Physical abuse
When someone hurts another person’s body or uses force in the wrong way.
Examples: hitting, slapping, pushing, assault, misuse of medication, unnecessary restraint, physical punishment.
Domestic abuse
Abuse that happens in close relationships, like partners or family members.
Examples: psychological or emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, financial control, honour-based violence.
Sexual abuse
When someone is forced or pressured into sexual activity they do not want or cannot agree to.
Examples: rape or sexual assault, indecent exposure, sexual harassment, unwanted touching, sexual teasing or comments, making someone watch pornography or sexual acts.
Psychological abuse
Abuse that harms someone’s mind or feelings, making them feel scared, controlled or isolated.
Examples: threats or intimidation, humiliation or blaming, stopping contact with friends or family, controlling behaviour, harassment or verbal abuse, cyberbullying.
Financial or material abuse
When someone takes or controls another person’s money, property or belongings without consent.
Examples: theft or fraud, online scams, pressuring someone about money or legal matters, misusing property or benefits.
Modern slavery
When someone is forced to work or live in conditions they cannot leave.
Examples: slavery or human trafficking, forced labour or domestic servitude, using threats, lies or force to control someone.
Discriminatory abuse
When someone is treated badly because of who they are.
Examples: abuse based on race, gender or gender identity, age, disability, sexual orientation, religion.
Organisational abuse
Poor care or neglect that happens in a service, like a hospital, care home or home care.
Examples: ongoing bad practice caused by poor systems or staff behaviour, or one-off incidents of neglect.
Neglect and acts of omission
When someone does not get the care or help they need.
Examples: ignoring medical or emotional needs, not giving access to health or support services, withholding basics like food, heating or medication.
Self-neglect
Self-neglect is when someone’s health, safety, or wellbeing is at risk because they are unable to care for themselves. This can include not eating properly, not maintaining hygiene, or hoarding. Choosing to live differently is not self-neglect if the person understands the risks and is happy with their choice.
Examples: hoarding, not eating properly, not keeping safe at home.
If you’re worried that someone is being abused or neglected, you don’t have to deal with it alone. You can report your concerns to us, and we’ll take steps to help keep them safe. Find out how to report abuse and get support.